As a key supporting component in elevator operation, self-aligning roller bearings need to withstand high loads, frequent starts and stops, and complex working conditions. The precautions for their use need to be strictly controlled from four dimensions: installation, operation, maintenance, and environmental adaptation to ensure safe and stable operation of the elevator. Here are specific precautions:
1. Precautions during installation
Precise alignment and pre tightening
Alignment requirements: During installation, it is necessary to ensure that the axis of the bearing, shaft, and bearing seat is strictly aligned, and the deviation should be controlled within the allowable range of the equipment (usually ≤ 0.05mm) to avoid bearing misalignment, increased vibration, or early failure caused by poor alignment. Pre tightening force control: Adjust the bearing pre tightening force reasonably according to the elevator operating speed and load. Excessive pre tension can increase friction and heat generation, while insufficient pre tension may lead to excessive clearance and vibration. It is recommended to measure the preload force using a specialized tool and record the initial value for subsequent maintenance comparison.
Cleaning and Lubrication
Installation Environment Cleaning: Install in a dust-free workshop or clean area to avoid dust, metal shavings, and other impurities entering the bearing interior, scratching the raceway or blocking the lubrication channel.
.Lubricant selection: Select appropriate lubricating grease (such as lithium based grease or polyurea based grease) based on the operating temperature, load, and speed of the elevator to ensure stable lubrication performance and compatibility with the bearing material.
. The amount of lubricating grease filling should be controlled within 1/3~1/2 of the internal space of the bearing to avoid excessive temperature rise.Sealing protection
Sealing installation: Ensure that the bearing seal (such as rubber seal ring or metal dust cover) is installed in place, without damage or deformation, to prevent grease leakage and external pollutants from entering.
.Protective measures: Apply anti rust oil or install protective covers on the exposed parts of the bearings to avoid moisture or corrosion during transportation or installation.
.2. Precautions during operation
Load and speed control
Avoid overloading: strictly follow the rated load of the elevator, prohibit overloading operation, and prevent bearings from plastic deformation or fatigue fracture due to overloading.
.Speed matching: Ensure that the elevator's operating speed matches the designed bearing speed to avoid insufficient lubrication or excessive centrifugal force causing grease separation during high-speed operation.
.Vibration and noise monitoring
Regular testing: Regularly monitor the vibration and noise levels of bearings during operation through vibration analyzers or noise meters. If the vibration value exceeds the standard (such as the vibration intensity limit specified in ISO 10816-1) or abnormal noise (such as metal friction noise) occurs, the machine should be stopped immediately for inspection.
.Alignment review: If abnormal vibration is found, the alignment of the bearing needs to be reviewed to eliminate the problem of unbalanced load caused by installation deviation.
.Temperature Monitoring
Real time Monitoring: Install temperature sensors in or near the bearing seat to monitor the operating temperature of the bearing in real time.
. If the temperature continues to rise (such as exceeding 80 ℃), it is necessary to check whether the lubrication status, load distribution, or cooling system is normal.Cooling measures: For high temperature conditions, cooling fans can be added or ventilation design can be optimized to ensure that the operating temperature of the bearings is within a reasonable range.
.III. Precautions during Maintenance
Regular Lubrication and Greasing
Lubrication Cycle: Based on the frequency of elevator operation and environmental conditions, develop a reasonable lubrication cycle (such as refilling every 3-6 months).
. Before replenishing fat, it is necessary to clean the fuel inlet to avoid impurities from entering.Control of grease filling amount: The amount of grease filling each time should be determined based on the remaining lubricating grease inside the bearing to avoid excessive temperature rise or grease leakage.
.Seal Inspection and Replacement
Regular Inspection: Check the bearing seals every six months to observe for aging, cracking, or deformation.
. If seal failure is found, it should be replaced immediately to prevent grease leakage and contamination from entering.Replacement process: When replacing the seal, clean the installation surface and apply special sealant to ensure reliable sealing effect.
.Bearing cleaning and testing
Regular cleaning: Thoroughly clean the bearings every 1-2 years to remove old lubricating grease and impurities inside.
. Special cleaning agents should be used during cleaning to avoid the use of corrosive solvents. Non destructive testing: After cleaning, the bearing is subjected to non-destructive testing (such as ultrasonic testing or magnetic particle testing) to check for defects such as cracks, pitting, or wear in the raceway, rollers, and cage. If defects are found, the bearings need to be replaced immediately.IV. Precautions for Environmental Adaptation
Anti corrosion Measures
Material Selection: In humid or corrosive environments, choose corrosion-resistant materials (such as stainless steel bearings) or bearings with surface coating treatment (such as galvanized or chrome plated).
.Environmental control: Keep the elevator machine room dry and ventilated, and avoid bearings from getting damp or coming into contact with corrosive gases.
. Dustproof and WaterproofSealing Upgrade: In environments with high levels of dust or moisture, upgrade the bearing sealing structure (such as using double lip seals or labyrinth seals) to increase the protection level (such as IP65 or above).
.Regular cleaning: Regularly clean the dust in the elevator guide rail and machine room to prevent impurities from entering the interior of the bearings.
.Fifth, Emergency Handling and Recording
Fault Emergency Handling
Shutdown Inspection: If there is abnormal vibration, noise, or temperature rise in the bearing, it should be stopped immediately for inspection, and the fault should be eliminated before resuming operation.
. Spare parts reserve: Reserve an appropriate amount of bearings of the same model as spare parts to ensure quick replacement in case of failure and shorten downtime. Maintenance Record ManagementRecord Content: Detailed records of bearing installation time, operating parameters, maintenance cycles, lubrication conditions, and fault handling information.
. Data analysis: Regularly analyze maintenance records, summarize bearing operation rules, optimize maintenance plans, and extend bearing service life.