When installing a single row tapered roller bearing, the following precautions should be taken, including preparation before installation, installation process, clearance adjustment, and subsequent inspection:
1. Preparation before installation
Environmental cleaning
Installation must be carried out in a dry and dust-free environment, away from metal debris, dust, and other pollutants. If the environment is complex, it is necessary to cover the bearings and equipment components with plastic or foil to prevent contamination. Before installation, check the machining quality of the mating surfaces of the shaft, bearing seat, seals, etc., to ensure that there are no burrs, residual molding sand or oil stains. If necessary, clean and dry them with gasoline or kerosene.
Preparation of Tools and Materials
Prepare specialized tools (such as hydraulic presses, sleeves, dial gauges, adjusting nuts, etc.), avoid using hammers to directly strike bearings, and prevent damage.
.Choose lubricating grease with superior performance (such as impurity free, anti-oxidation, rust proof, extreme pressure type), with a filling amount of 30% -60% of the bearing and bearing housing volume, and should not be too much.
. The bearings with sealed structures have been filled with lubricating grease and do not require additional cleaning or addition.II. Key points of installation process
Selection of installation method
Room temperature installation: When the interference fit is small, use a sleeve to press the end face of the bearing ring, and evenly press the bearing into place by tapping the sleeve to ensure that the pressure is evenly applied to the circumference of the ring.
.Heating installation: When the interference fit is large, use oil bath heating (80-100 ℃, maximum not exceeding 120 ℃) or sensor heating to heat the bearing. After installation, tighten with nuts to prevent clearance between the ring and the shaft shoulder after cooling.
. Batch installation: It is recommended to use a hydraulic press for large-scale installation to improve efficiency and ensure installation quality.Installation direction and fit
Ensure that the outer ring end face is tightly pressed against the outer shell shoulder end face, and the inner ring end face is tightly pressed against the shaft shoulder end face, with no gaps allowed.
. If tapered roller bearings are installed at both ends of the shaft, attention should be paid to the pairing principle of "big head to big head, small head to small head"; If only one end is installed, it needs to be adjusted according to the axial thrust direction.Avoid damaging the bearing
It is strictly prohibited to transmit installation force through rolling elements (such as directly tapping the inner or outer ring), otherwise it will cause damage to the raceway and shorten the bearing life.
. When installing bearings with seals or dust covers, avoid disassembly or cleaning to prevent damage to the seals.III. Clearance Adjustment
Necessity of Clearance Adjustment
Single row tapered roller bearings need to adjust the axial clearance to balance the axial force generated during operation.
. The clearance of double or four row bearings has been adjusted before leaving the factory, and no additional operation is required.Adjustment Method
Adjusting Nut: By tightening or loosening the adjusting nut, move the inner or outer ring of the bearing to adjust the clearance or preload.
. Adjusting shims: Add or remove shims between the bearing seat and the outer ring of the bearing to change the axial position. Pre tensioned spring: Provides continuous axial force using pre tensioned springs, suitable for high-speed or high-precision scenarios. Adjustment Basis: Taking into account factors such as installation layout, bearing spacing, shaft and bearing seat materials.In high load and high-speed scenarios, the influence of temperature rise should be considered, and the clearance should be appropriately increased;
; It is recommended to install without clearance or preload in low-speed or vibration scenarios to ensure good contact between the rollers and the raceway.Testing tool
Use a dial gauge to accurately measure axial clearance to ensure compliance with design requirements.
.IV. Inspection and Debugging After Installation
Rotation Test
Manually rotate the shaft or bearing box to check for any jamming or abnormal resistance.
. Perform no-load and low-speed operation with power, gradually increase the speed and load, and detect noise, vibration, and temperature rise. If any abnormalities are found, stop the machine immediately for inspection.Final confirmation
Ensure that all fasteners (such as nuts, bolts) are tightened to prevent loosening.
. Check if the seals are intact to prevent grease leakage or impurities from entering.