An integrated circuit is a tiny electronic device or component. Using a certain process, the required transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors and other components in the circuit are interconnected, and they are processed in a small or several small semiconductor chips or dielectric substrates, and then packaged in a tube, to become a micro structure with the required circuit functions. All components form a whole in the structure, making electronic components to small, low power consumption, intelligent, high reliability a big step forward. This is represented in circuits by the letter "IC". Most applications in the semiconductor industry today are silicon-based integrated circuits.
The integrated circuit replaced the transistor, paving the way for the development of various functions of electronic products and greatly reducing the cost, and the third generation of electronic devices entered. It made possible the microprocessor and made the computer an everyday tool accessible to ordinary people. The application of integration technology gave rise to more convenient and faster electronic products, such as the common handheld electronic calculator, which was Kilby's new invention after the integrated circuit. To this day, silicon is still the main material for our electronic devices.
According to the use function, mainly divided into analog integrated circuit and digital integrated circuit two categories. 1. Analog integrated circuits mainly include integrated voltage regulators, operational amplifiers, power amplifiers and ASIC, etc. 2. Digital integrated circuits can be divided into monopole circuits and bipolar circuits according to their different structures. There are four types of monopole circuits: JFET, NMOS, PM0S, and CMOS, and bipolar circuits include DTL, TTL, ECL, HTL, etc.
According to the production process, there are mainly film integrated circuit and hybrid integrated circuit two categories. Among them, thin film integrated circuit is divided into thick film integrated circuit (1 ~ 10& # 40. No,) and thin-film integrated circuits (less than 1 gram. Membrane integrated circuits and hybrid integrated circuits are commonly used in application-specific integrated circuits, and are often called modules, or integrated circuits for short (. Integrated circuit).
Integration refers to the number of components contained on a silicon chip. According to the integration, there are mainly small - scale, medium - scale, large - scale and super - scale integrated circuits.
According to the different device types, it is mainly divided into bipolar integrated circuit, monopole class integrated circuit or BiMOS integrated circuit. Among them, MOS integrated circuits are divided into P channel, N channel and complementary symmetrical insulated gate FET integrated circuits. BiMOS integrated circuits are further divided into integrated circuits that combine bipolar and PMOS, bipolar and NMOS, and bipolar and CMOS.
It has the advantages of small volume, light weight, less lead and solder joint, long life, high reliability, good performance and so on. At the same time, low cost, easy to mass production. Not only widely used in radio, television, computer and other industrial and civil electronic equipment, but also in the military, communication, remote control and so on.