The installation method of seven types of tapered roller bearings (i.e. single row tapered roller bearings) should follow the following steps and precautions:
1. Preparation before installation
Environmental requirements:
Installation should be carried out in a dry and clean environment, away from metal debris and dust, to avoid contaminating the bearings.
Check the mating surface:
Check the machining quality of the mating surface, shoulder end face, groove, and connecting surface of the shaft and bearing seat to ensure that there is no damage, burrs, or dirt.
. The unprocessed surface of the casting needs to be cleaned of residual molding sand.Cleaning and lubrication:
Clean the bearings and mating surfaces with gasoline or kerosene, and use them after drying.
.Apply high-quality lubricating grease (such as grease without impurities, anti-oxidation, rust prevention, and superior extreme pressure performance), with a filling amount of 30% -60% of the bearing and bearing seat volume, and should not be excessive.
Note: Double row tapered roller bearings with sealed structures and water pump shaft bearings have been filled with lubricating grease and can be used directly without cleaning.
.2. Installation Method
Cold installation (with small interference):
Sleeve press fit: Apply equal pressure on the circumference of the ring end face, press the bearing ring end face with the sleeve, and then tap the sleeve with a hammer to evenly press the ring in.
.Hydraulic press installation: When installing in large quantities, a hydraulic press can be used to ensure even pressure and correct direction.
.Key points:
When pressing in, it is necessary to ensure that the outer ring end face is tightly pressed against the outer shell shoulder end face, and the inner ring end face is tightly pressed against the shaft shoulder end face, with no gaps allowed.
.Avoid directly tapping the bearing end face to prevent damage to the bearing.
Hot installation (large interference fit):
Heating method: Oil bath heating or sensor heating is used, with a heating temperature range of 80 ℃ -100 ℃ and a maximum of 120 ℃.
.Operating steps:
Heat the bearing to the target temperature and quickly install it onto the shaft.
.After installation, tighten the bearing with nuts or other methods to prevent shrinkage in the width direction after cooling, which may cause clearance between the ring and the shaft shoulder.
.Note:
The heating temperature of open bearings should not exceed 120 ℃.
. It is not recommended to heat bearings with seals and dust covers above 80 ℃ to avoid damaging the seals or lubricating grease.Special structure installation:
Bearings with tapered inner holes: Installed by interference fit with the shaft, the interference amount is determined by measuring the radial clearance or axial pushing distance.
.Use a tightening sleeve or a retraction sleeve:
For small and medium-sized bearings, a locking nut or a hook wrench can be used to push the inner ring into the appropriate position on the conical shaft diameter.
. Larger bearings require the use of hydraulic nuts for installation.III. Key Adjustments
Axial Clearance Adjustment:
After the installation of a single row tapered roller bearing, the axial clearance needs to be adjusted. The clearance value is determined based on the operating conditions and fit interference, and may be determined through testing if necessary.
.Adjustment method: Use adjustment nuts, adjustment washers, threads in the bearing seat holes, or pre tension springs, etc.
Testing tool: Fix a dial gauge on the machine body or bearing seat, press the contact against the smooth surface of the shaft, and push the shaft left and right along the axial direction. The maximum swing of the gauge needle is the axial clearance value.
.Double row bearing treatment:
Double row tapered roller bearings and water pump shaft connecting bearings have their clearance adjusted at the factory and do not need to be adjusted again during installation.
.IV. Inspection and Testing after Installation
Rotation Test:
First, rotate the shaft or bearing box with both hands to confirm that there are no abnormalities. Then, use power to perform no-load, low-speed operation (2-8 minutes).
. Gradually increase the speed to medium speed (2 hours) and high speed, and test run at each speed for no less than 30 minutes. Temperature monitoring: The temperature rise rate should not exceed 5 ℃ per hour, and the final stable temperature should not exceed 70 ℃.Noise and vibration detection:
During operation, detect noise and vibration, and immediately stop the machine for inspection if any abnormalities are found.
.V. Precautions
Avoid direct tapping: Do not use a hammer to directly tap the bearing end face or raceway to prevent damage to the bearing.
. Uniform force application: During installation, it is necessary to apply force evenly on the circumference of the end face of the ring to avoid tilting or jamming.Preventing pollution: During installation, it is necessary to keep it clean to prevent dust or impurities from entering the interior of the bearing.
. Professional tools: It is recommended to use specialized installation tools (such as sleeves, hydraulic presses, micrometers, etc.) to ensure installation accuracy.