The working principle of third-generation automotive wheel hub bearings is based on rolling friction, torque transmission, and mechatronics integration design. Through structural optimization and functional integration, efficient operation is achieved. The specific principle is as follows:
Rolling friction principle: The third-generation wheel hub bearing unit integrates the installation core shaft with the inner ring of the bearing, and is assembled with the outer flange to form a compact structure. When the wheel rotates, the inner and outer rings and rolling elements (steel balls or rollers) rotate synchronously, and the rolling elements use circular surfaces to reduce friction, allowing the wheel to rotate freely. This design replaces sliding friction with rolling friction, significantly reducing energy loss.
Torque transmission and load sharing: The bearing evenly distributes the radial load (supporting the weight of the vehicle body) and axial load (resisting the centrifugal force of steering) borne by the wheel through the collaborative action of the inner ring, outer ring, and cage.
. Its high-strength structure can withstand large moments, ensuring smooth operation of the wheels under complex working conditions and reducing the risk of wear or damage caused by uneven loads.Mechatronics integration: The third-generation wheel hub bearings integrate ABS ring gears (mostly 48 teeth) or sensor modules, which monitor the speed signal in real time through wheel speed sensors.
. The sensor and the outer ring of the bearing are fixed by injection molding and directly output digital pulse signals (such as 48 pulses per revolution), which are used in conjunction with the ECU to calculate wheel speed, acceleration, and bearing temperature. This design not only supports ABS anti lock braking system, but also provides high-precision data for ESP vehicle stability system, tire pressure monitoring (TPMS), etc., becoming a key signal node for intelligent chassis.Structural optimization and lightweighting: Through integrated design, the third-generation wheel hub bearings eliminate traditional spline shafts, reducing weight and saving space.
. For example, its structural compactness has been further improved compared to the second generation, with higher strength and stiffness, while reducing friction torque, thereby reducing energy consumption. This design also simplifies the installation process and reduces the skill requirements for personnel when installing bearings.