The rotor spinning machine is a core equipment in the modern textile industry that enables high-speed, efficient, and low-cost production of short fiber yarns. It replaces the twisting elements of traditional ring spinning with a centrifugal airflow field, integrating fiber opening, combing, coagulation, twisting, winding, and other processes into the same machine. The following systematically explains its purpose from three aspects: technical principles, product applications, and industrial value.
1、 Technical principles and process characteristics
Core working mechanism: Airflow condensation into yarn: Using the negative pressure airflow generated by the high-speed rotating spinning cup (rotation speed of 50000-150000 r/min), the fiber bundles loosened by the combing roller are sucked into the cup, and the fibers are arranged in a spiral along the cup wall and twisted into yarn through centrifugal force.
Twisting without spindles: eliminating the need for steel wire rings and rings in ring spinning, the yarn is directly drawn out from the spinning cup through a false twisting device, and the winding speed can reach 250-400m/min (3-5 times that of ring spinning).
Key Performance Index Parameters Airflow Spinning Index Ring Spinning Index Comparative Advantage
Production efficiency 80-120kg/shift 20-30kg/shift efficiency increased by 300% -400%
The yarn strength is 12-18cN/dtex 15-22cN/dtex, and the strength is reduced by about 20% (the gap can be narrowed through optimization)
Labor cost of 0.02 people/unit 0.1 people/unit reduces labor cost by 80% per unit
The equipment occupies an area of 1.2 square meters per ingot and 2.5 square meters per ingot, reducing the unit production capacity by 52%
2、 Core application areas and product types
Production of basic yarn (accounting for over 60%) and cup spun yarn (OE yarn): Used for heavy fabrics such as denim, canvas, and curtain fabrics. Due to the high yarn fuzz and rough hand feel, it can enhance the wear resistance of the fabric.
Case: Levi's classic 501 jeans use OE 10S yarn, and the fabric has a wear resistance of 50000 times (ordinary ring spun yarn has 30000 times).
Core spun yarn: Structure: Using spandex yarn as the core yarn, wrapped with air spun cotton fibers, it has both high elasticity and wear resistance.
Application: Elastic fabrics such as yoga clothes and sports underwear, with a yarn elasticity recovery rate of ≥ 95% (90% for ordinary ring spun core spun yarn).
Functional yarn development for moisture wicking yarn: Technology: Coating hydrophilic nano coating on the inner wall of the spinning cup to orient the fibers and form a microporous structure.
Data: The moisture absorption rate reaches 0.25g/min (0.12g/min for ordinary cotton yarn), which can reduce the perceived temperature of sports T-shirts by 3-5 ℃.
Flame retardant yarn: Process: Blend aramid 1313 fiber with viscose fiber in a 3:7 ratio, and use air spinning technology to ensure uniform dispersion of the fibers.
Standard: Tested according to GB 8965.1-2020 "Flame retardant performance of protective clothing", with a continuous burning time of ≤ 2s and a smoldering time of ≤ 0s.
Regenerated fiber processing of waste textiles and regenerated yarn: Process: Open the recycled old clothes into 20-40mm fibers, and directly spin them into yarn through air flow spinning, eliminating the pre merging and strip merging processes of ring spinning.
Benefit: Each ton of recycled yarn can reduce CO ₂ emissions by 1.8 tons, and the cost is reduced by 25% compared to virgin yarn.
Agricultural waste utilization: Case study: Corn stover husk fiber is blended with polyester fiber (ratio 40:60), air spun into yarn for use in car interiors, with a formaldehyde emission of ≤ 0.01mg/m ³ (10 times better than the national standard).